Summary-History Of Management Thought-Scientific Management Inrestrospect-A Book of Daniel A Wren

CHAPTER12.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT INRETROSPECT
DINI TURIPANAM ALAMANDA

THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: FROM THE FARM TO THE FACTORY

The Rationalization Of Resource Utilization
Henry Carey (1793-1879), brought the optimism of Adam Smith to US economic thought. He reasoning attendant and may have influenced Taylor’s mental revolution
Gilberths sought economy motion and waste reduction, and their system books were detailed how-to-do-it procedures manual
Gantts’s work provide visual aids for scheduling, routing, dispatching and controlling work
Barth, Cooke, and others who espoused the gospel efficiency all focused on basically of efficiency in production
Harrington Emerson, wrote of efficiency through organization
Management and The Worker
The scientific management era improved the condition of workers through higher level real wages, increased longevity, and the opportunity to improve their skill levels. The “lamp beside the golden door” fulfilled its promises
Technology demanded specialized knowledge, and staff departments were added to handle personnel, engineering, production, purchasing, legal affairs, and their functional activities
The economic of mass production and mass distribution required a fund of management talent and one familiar with the latest methods and the most current thinking in the management of organizations


TECHNOLOGY: OPENING NEW HORIZONS
Advancing technology was reshaping the nature of work by increasing number of skilled and semi-skilled workers, creating alternative career paths for females, substituting machinery and capital intensity for labor intensity, and providing improved means for material handling. The new horizons were at work and in transport by air and auto

THE SOCIALENVIRONMENT: FROM ACHIEVEMENT TO AFFILIATION
The Collision Effect
Frederick Turner identified four forces that were reshaping US Economic, social, and political ideals: (1) the exhaustion of the supply of free land and the closing of the west; (2) the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few fundamental industries; (3) the political expansion by the US into territories beyond its own borders; and (4) the rise of populism
William Scott built on Turner’s thesis and called culmination of these cultural forces the “period of collision”, the collision effect was characterized by conflict and resulted from forces that had drawn people into an inescapable proximity and interdependency
Taylor was clearly in touch with the problems of he industrialized society of the period. Though not known nor regarded as a social philosopher, he perceived the industrial dilemma and proposed one means of alleviating the detrimental effects o the disharmonies of urbanization and industrialization
The Social Gospel
In retrospect it is clear that social forces were generating and sanctioning an efficiency craze during the Taylor era. A proliferation of popular and technical literature appeared on efficiency in the home, in education, in conservation of natural resources, in the church and industry
The burgeoning discipline of personnel management emphasized industrial welfare, better worker selection, improved morale, and worker happiness as both social and business assets


THE POLITICAL ENVIRONTMENT: FROM ONE ROOSEVELT TO ANOTHER
Scientific Management and The Progressives
The political articulation of the Social Gospel was found in the Populist-Progressive movement that attempt to provide a broader base for democracy in order to mitigate the perils of the collision effect
The reformers did not wish to root out capitalism, but sought orderly change in the structure of industry vis a vis the public and they would bring social order and harmony
The appeal of scientific management was that it offered leadership by drive and whim
Scientific management shoed that the interest of the employer and the employee were identical and the wastes of class conflict were therefore unnecessary
Business and The Progressives
The mental revolution was deemphasize the division of the surplus and stress production for lower prices and higher wages
The romance of Taylor and the progressive had political as well as social ramifications. After the war, The United State witnessed the decline of the progressivism of Roosevelt and Wilson and welcomed the return to normalcy of Warren Harding